Whitemail
The word "whitemail", a coining by analogy with the term "blackmail",[1] typically occurs in economics in the sense of a counter to a hostile merger, but also has meanings in marketing, fundraising, and bribery.
Economics
[edit]In economics, whitemail is a counter to a takeover arrangement in which the target company will sell significantly discounted stock to a friendly third party. In return, the third party helps thwart takeover attempts by raising the acquisition price for the opposing bidder, diluting the opposing bidder's number of shares, and increasing the stock holdings of the company.[2][3]
Politics
[edit]Whitemail bribes are used to influence a high-level elected official or politician to perform an illegal or uneconomic act. This type of bribery is common in many developed and developing countries.[4] It typically involves a large amount of money and is usually concealed through means such as fake accounting and documentation or moving the money through subsidiaries.[5]
Fundraising
[edit]In fundraising, whitemail is a donation received without a response form, coupon, statement, or other source identification, so it cannot be attributed to any particular fundraising campaign. These donations often come in generic, white-colored envelopes.[6]
Marketing
[edit]Whitemail refers to unsolicited mail sent to marketers from customers. It was also named for coming in generic white envelopes instead of official reply mail offered by companies.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Lieber, Rochelle; Stekauer, Pavol (2014-09-25). The Oxford Handbook of Derivational Morphology. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-165178-6.
- ^ Scott, David Logan (2003). Wall Street Words: An A to Z Guide to Investment Terms for Today's Investor. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-618-17651-9.
- ^ Vallabhaneni, S. Rao (2021-10-19). Wiley CIA 2022 Exam Review, Part 3: Business Knowledge for Internal Auditing. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-84621-5.
- ^ Shahabuddin, Syed (June 2002). "The Causes and Consequences of Bribery in International Business". International Journal of Management. 19 (2): 366–376. ProQuest 233230841 – via ProQuest.
- ^ Fatehi, Kamal (2008). Managing Internationally: Succeeding in a Culturally Diverse World. SAGE. ISBN 978-1-4129-3690-3.
- ^ O'Neill, Kerry (2018-08-02). "3 Whitemail Best Practices for Your Charity". truesense.com. Archived from the original on 2021-06-22. Retrieved 2024-03-02.
- ^ Friesen, Pat (2006-11-01). "The Wonders of White Mail". www.adweek.com. Retrieved 2024-03-03.
Further reading
[edit]- Horsburgh, H. J. N. (March 1975). "Moral black- and whitemail". Inquiry. 18 (1): 23–38. doi:10.1080/00201747508601748.
- Horsburgh, H. J. N. (September 1976). "Moral Black- and Whitemail". Philosophy of Science. 43 (3): 460. doi:10.1086/288705. S2CID 224841164.
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